Monday 31 December 2018

හමුවෙද අපේ වෙණ තත - ලියනගේ අමරකීර්ති

කතුවරයාගේ නවකතා සහ කෙටිකතා රාශියක් කියවා තිබුන ද, ඔහු ගේ මුල් ම කවි පොත ( එකොමත් එක පිටරටක ) මගැරීම හේතුවෙන් කියවන්න ට ලැබුණු පලමු පද්‍ය කෘතිය මෙය යි. වරෙක කතුවරයා විචාරකයකු ලෙස දමිත් දහනායක ගේ "තෙමි තෙමි ම මම" ගැන ලියමින් තෙපලුවේ, දමිත් ඉතා අවංක කවියෙකු බවයි. ඒ ගුණය මා අමරකීර්තිගේ කාව්‍ය තුල ද දිටිමි. සාමාන්‍යයෙන් අලංකාර බසකින් පද්‍යකරණය දැකීම ලොල් මා හට, එවන් මනරම් බසක් නුදුටු ව ද කතුවරයා ගේ නිර්ව්‍යාජත්වය ගෝචර විය.

නිදසුන් කිහිපයක්;
"අයිනක ඉඳන් මැද සිදු වෙන දේ        උගෙන
උගතෙකු ලෙසින් මැදටම ආ අද            දවස
හැම හරි මැදම අයිනක් සේ දැනේ           මට
එවිට මට පෙනේ ඒ මදහස                   එළිය
ඈ මුව කමල රැඳි ඉඟිබිති                බැබලීම"
                                                           (අයිනා )

මෙය මට අපූරත්වයෙන් පිරි කවියකි. එක් අතකින් එය දර්ශනයෙන් සපිරිය; අනෙක් අතින් සුන්දර ගුරුතුමිය වෙත සිත් බැඳීම කාව්‍ය ට සෞන්දරත්වයක් ගෙන දෙන අතර, උගත්කමේ පෙනෙන නොපෙනෙන මාන්නයක් ද ඇතැයි හැඟේ ( එය ද නිර්ව්‍යාජත්වයේ ම කොටසකි ).

"හඳ වුණත් හොඳට ලොකු උණ       පෝ දාක
ලපයද ලොකුම වෙයි පුරහඳ පළුදු           කර
හාවයි කියා හොඳ  වචනෙන් නම්          කළද
කැළල කැළලමයි මෝරයි හඳ                සමඟ"
                                         ( ෆොටෝ දෙක )
ආදරයේ තියුණු අවස්ථාව ඊරිසියාවක් හා බැඳී  තිබිම හා නොනිත් කෙනිත්තිල්ලක ලබැඳියාව අපූරුවට ග්‍රහණය කල කවියකි.

කවියා වරෙක නොව දෙවතාවක ම සාර්ථකත්වයේ ණය උගුල හෙවත් තොණ්ඩුව ගැන විස්සෝප වෙයි ("දඬුවම" ද මේ ආරේ කවි පංතියකි ).
"මල්ලි ඔබ කියන්නත්
පොලීසිය කියන්නත්
කලින් මම දැන ගතිමි
කාර් එක ගෙනාදාඉඳන් මම දැන ගතිමි
වැරදි කාරයා මමයි."
           (මංගලාලා)
මේ තරමක්  දිග කවි පංතියේ කතාව වනාහි ත්‍රි රෝද රථයක් හා ගැටීමේ සිද්ධියත්, ඒ රථ හිමිටත් අප කවියාටත් එකම නමින් දියණියන් සිටීමත් ය. මෙහි දෙ අර්ථයන් නිරූපිත යයි සිතමි. එක් අතකින් කවියා ගේ හීනමානය හා මුසු වරදකාරි ස්වභාවයයි; අනෙක් අතින් අප රට බහුල කුහකත්වයයි ( මෑතක හදිසියේ සුදු ඉරක් මතින් පාර පනින්න දැරූ අයෙකු, මා වැරෙන් තිරිංග යොදා රථය නතර කල කර, වීදුරුවට පහරක් ගසා ගියේ ඔහුගේ සිතැඟි මා කලින් නොදැන සිටි නිසා ය )

මා සිත් ගත් තවත් කවි පංති කිහිපයක් නම් "ටෝච් එළිය", "තාත්තගෙ හුණුපාර", "ආයෙත් ඇතොත්" ය. එනුමුදු සමස්තයක් ලෙස බහුල කවි පංතීන් රස විඳි බව ට ද කිව නොහැක. බසේ රළු බව වසාලමින් අව්‍යාජත්වය මතු වන විට එහි අපූරත්වයක් දුටුව ද, එලෙස කම්පනයක් නොවන අවස්ථාවන් වල බසේ ඇති සාමාන්‍ය බව කාව්‍යයන් ට බරක් ලෙස මට දැනුනි; ඒ මා අලංකාර කවිකාර බස ට ප්‍රිය හෙයිනි ( නිදසුන් - ලක්ෂාන්ත අතුකෝරාල ; මංජුල වෙඩිවර්ධන ; නන්දන වීරසිංහ )

එහෙත් යම් සුවිශේෂි මෙන් ම අනන්‍ය කවි පංති කිහිපයකින් සුසැඳි සංග්‍රහයකි.


කාව්‍ය
ශ්‍රේණිගත කිරීම ***1/2

Saturday 29 December 2018

In our Time - Ernest Hemingway


( One of the books I started reading this year was "The Complete Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway", which I haven't been able to finish. It includes all his published short story collection, plus those which appeared in magazines, journals, compilations etc. After six short stories which have been taken from compilations, the full set of "In our Time" starts off the collection, from story seven onward. This review focuses on short story seven through story 21 - fifteen in all. )

Across these vignettes we see Nick Adams, possibly Hemingway's alter ego as he goes through life from a boy to adolescence and then to the Army as a Youth. It cannot be looked upon as a novel as we see close ups of separate incidents, usually unconnected with the previous ones.

Indian Camp: Most of what we see here could be identified as vignettes. For one thing most of the short stories have episodes on the life of Nick Adams. In this particular one, it is a vignette of an experience of Nick when he still a young boy, accompanying his father  to an Indian camp, to carry out a Cesarean operation under the most basic of conditions. Possibly the condition and the fate of the  infant's father  portrays the limitation of persistence rather than his sensitivity.

The Doctor and Doctor's Wife: The Doctor is Nick's dad. The story is based on the same setting as the former, but in a context where an Indian half cast and the Doctor don't see eye to eye. The argument between the two serve as the central incident of the vignette, although his wife's reaction and attitude gives the story its title.

The End of Something: Ten years has passed and the town that Nick lived in issn't a lumbering  town no more.This vignette centers on the break up of Nick and his girl friend. The attraction is in the natural setting and the unattached signature style of Hemingway.

The Three-Day Blow: A Vignette in which Nick has a drink with his pal Bill, on the aftermath of his break-up with Marge. They discuss many things - Football teams, their respective dads and of course Marge. Bill compliments Nick for breaking up without getting married, although Nick has doubts about his actions. The story is written in such a manner where the prevailing weather, the surrounding solitude and the two boys proving to each other about their maturity compose a mental picture in the reader's mind, with a crackling fire to the bargain.

The Battler: In the next story we find Nick kicked off a train, stumbling upon a former fighter by the name of Adolph Francis, sitting at a fire in the woods. The story then takes an interesting twist with a 'negro' by the name of Bugs joining in, and the conversation between the three. The fighter's clearly insane and Nick needs to Bugs' help to leave the camp.

A Very Short Story: As the name implies, the tale is presented in a summarised form. We are not told who is recuperating in Padua. But the reader is wont to believe that it is Nick, after a bout in the army during the first world war, since the girl sends a letter to Chicago upon him leaving for the States.

Soldier's Home: The soldier in question is one  Harold and this is the first story which doesn't involve Nick. The story involves Harold's attempt to get acclimatized in his hometown of Kansas, after the war, and the difficulties he has - with the local crowd, and his own family. Post-war trauma as well as the difficulties in hitching up with girls, with the local scene changing during his time away.

The Revolutionist: A very short vignette, where a one page account of a Magyan comrade is revealed. I cannot but help feeling that one of the driving needs at the time would've been for Hemingway to include his experiences in world war I,  the various incidents which stuck in his mind, and put them down in writing. Vignettes are possibly the best way to include them in a fictional form.

Mr. and Mrs. Elliot: The story of Hubert Elliot, a poet and  a post-graduate student in law at Harvard, and how he came to be married. Hubert has held very puritanical views about marriage, and was surprised himself on how he came to be married. The story is one which overall reflects the unhappiness of that marriage.

Cat in the Rain: A short story which by itself looks a little aimless, but presents the whims of a young girl and a wife at that.
"'Anyway, I want a cat,' she said, 'I want a cat. I want a cat now. If I can’t have long hair or any
fun, I can have a cat.'
The restlessness of the girl, how she keeps badgering on her husband, and how the whole world is at her service are some of the points being subtly hinted here.

Out of Season: A tale of where a tourist couple is saddled with a drunken guide, with the husband trying to help out the guide out of sympathy than any other reason, managing the wife who is not pleased with  how things stand. As such it is a vignette and could've easily fitted to a longer narration with ease.

Cross-Country Snow: We  come across Nick again, as he goes skiing with two of his friends  Mike and George, in Germany.  Nick;s wife or girl Helen is expecting their child, yet the boyish attitudes reveal that he would rather hang out with his friends rather than hold bigger responsibilities.

My Old Man: A tale written in Hemingway's nonchalant abstract way, yet one which reads a son's admiration of his dad - for the way he lived his life, the ups and the downs as a Jockey, until the last time when he went down.

Big Two-Hearted River (parts  I and II) - This is a short story in two parts in which we have only the protagonist, Nick Adams, alone in a war scorched field. With his camping equipment, he walks miles along a river until he reaches an unaffected area. Yet he fishes using the grass hoppers, who had turned black due to the scorched lands - in essence signifying how the after-effects of war are used for the current era, I felt. The story goes to minute details about how Nick fishes for trout.

All in all, most of the stories use the Iceberg theory that Hemingway was known for - where he goes to minute detail about "a tree", allowing the reader to form out the "woods" of her own. Besides the deployment of that theory, the use of the character Nick Adams is to present his alter-ego as already mentioned. First published in 1925, it may have caused quite a stir upon a first reading, although critics have embraced his style.

It was Hemingway's first official short story collection, and it was a very good place to start - and the coming years will probably see me reading the rest of his work.



Wednesday 26 December 2018

Less - Andrew Sean Greer

Pulitzer Award for Fiction 2017

Since reading the Man Booking award winning "Finkler Question" and "The Sellout" , satire fiction has held an affectionate nook in my reading. But I was somewhat not prepared for Less. This is the  first satire which is also a Gay romance, written from the viewpoint of a "Gay World". So much so, not long after starting upon the novel the notion that straight is strange atmosphere affects the reader ( if he or she is hetero).

I was skimming through a little of the author's biography as found in Wikipedia and it is clear that the work is partially biographical.  The name Less too is telling - for Less is someone "less" successful in the world of literary giants, and am sure the choice of the name is well thought of.

We see the ever romantic, moderately successful author taking  time to patch up, with a round the world trip, to come to terms with his not so successful life - that of  loss, of his past - broken relationships, troubled childhood, drugs etc. The trip starts off bad, as he realises that his publisher won't accept his latest novel - one more defeat in a long series for Less.

In an Indian resort Island his life long rival says to Less "has the best life of anyone" he knows - of course by then Carlos ( his rival ) knew more than he was letting on to Less.

"You have the luck of a comedian. Bad luck in things that don’t matter. Good luck in things that do. I think—you probably won’t agree with this—but I think your whole life is a comedy. Not just the first part. The whole thing. You are the most absurd person I’ve ever met. You’ve bumbled through every moment and been a fool; you’ve misunderstood and misspoken and tripped over absolutely everything and everyone in your path, and you’ve won. And you don’t even realize it."

An unsuspecting white gay of fifty years, alone in the world, with humour and awkwardness all along the way, around the globe, with many a chuckle and a few outright laughs for the reader to indulge in. Its satire is what  holds the book up - for instead of the tragedy of Less' situation, we are shown  the comedy of it, and how those he has loved, loves him back in return unconditionally. It is this survival and Less' own non-realization of it that makes Carlos admit to his nemesis' success.

Towards the last part of the book, Less is being asked to break his way out of paper walled room in Kyoto, for an age old door is stuck. The use of parable here is clear.

The moment the reader realises that the book could be semi autobiographical ( Greer has been a more successful writer than his protegee in the novel, granted ), one wonders if there's a tone of self-congratulation concealed, but with traces to show.

A very readable book, and a new experience since the base from which the narration is presented is that of a gay seat - a first time to me - not even Forster's Maurice or any other work from a Gay author had this "from their natural world" outlook.

Although I enjoyed the book as a whole, I cannot deny the nagging feeling if what the book offered was sufficient to attract the success it did. Gay-world,  satire, and a fresh look at what is success, not to mention a view of the not so sweet world of authors is what it offers. I cannot but wonder if I missed something the Pulitzer panel found revelatory .

Saturday 22 December 2018

The Shining - Stephen King


This isn't exactly a review. It is part novel review, part movie review and why I wouldn't hesitate to watch movies based on King's work without reading the novels they are based on, hereon.

The Shining - the novel: A long work, the book is titled on the "born talent" that Danny Torrence has - that of psychic premonitions, ability to listen to conversations out of his earshot and peeking into other's minds. He's schizophrenic too, and  this talent is being presented to us as "The Shining". While the genre of the book is horror, there are unmistakable use of psychology throughout the book While as a whole,  the novel, the plot and the segments of thriller work, I found it rather far fetched the moment the long dead spirits intervened with the living, through physical actions. For example opening the larder door for Jack Torrence in which he's been locked in. Its as if somewhere deep down in my brain there is some understanding that the paranormal can affect you mentally, and could haunt you but for them to do physical activity makes whatever slim chance of them being real, even far more remote. So that's when the book doesn't work for me. The other part was the hedge animals - a total No-No I felt. Thankfully Kubrick has traded the hedge animals to the hedge labyrinth - a much better, believable choice which plays a pivotal role in the movie, in contrast to the rather unbelievable role that the so called hedge animals play in the novel.

I would've probably enjoyed  Kubrick's movie better, had I not read the book. The book while being more descriptive, and more gory with Jack using the  mallet axe to good effect,  is almost a good match in the intensity of horror. For, the movie has the advantage of sound and color, not to mention the expert use of the camera. In that sense, King would've done well to limit the "far fetched" scenes of horror - but then, I do grant that those incidents could appear more believable to other readers.

On trivia to round off this small write-up; It is reported that Mr. King was less than happy with movie production of his novel. For, there are fundamental differences in the movie to make it almost  original. The ending scene which shows a 1924 photo of the participants of a Ball, in which a Jack Torrence look alike is present, leaves the audience contemplating whether there is another angle to the whole horror psychology being presented here. This was a path that King didn't thread upon at all. Another point is that The Stanley, a hotel in close proximity to the Rockies  with some rumours about it, is the basis for the grand hotel in the book and the movie - The Overlook. And Stephen King and his wife had spent one night there - as its only guests there, and the plot for the book has come to the  author then. (It is even said that some of the battles that King was fighting were same as what Jack Torrence was).

In conclusion, I could say that while I enjoyed "The Shining" largely, it is very unlikely that I will indulge in more of his novels. Movies based on his books are another matter.